Quick Answer: Yes, modern reverse osmosis desalination is increasingly sustainable. Energy consumption has dropped over 80% since the 1970s, now reaching 2.5 to 4.0 kWh per cubic meter for seawater treatment. With renewable energy integration and improved brine management practices, desalination is a viable long-term water security strategy for coastal and water-scarce regions worldwide.
Roughly 40 percent of the world’s population faces water shortages today. Experts expect that number to hit four billion by 2050. Many countries have turned to desalination, treating brackish or seawater to meet their water needs. But can we really call desalination a sustainable solution?
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